The constitution of India is a supreme law of India, laying the foundation for the political,legal, and administrative framework of the country. It established the fundamental rights, duties and structure of the government and delineate the power and responsibility of various government bodies.
Key future of the constitution of India.
(1) Length and details: it is the longest written constitution of any countries in the world, originally containing 395 articles in 22 part and 8 schedule now it has our 450 articles divide into 25 parts 12 schedule and numerous amendments.
(2) Preamble: the preamble reflect the philosophy and value of the constitution socialist secular democratic republic and promises justice Liberty equality and fraternity to its citizens.
(3) Fundamental rights and duties: (article 12-35) : protect the basic human rights of all citizens and ensure the quality freedom against exploitation, freedom of religion culture and education right and constitution remedies.
Fundamental duties (article 51A): add by the 42 amendment in 1976 these are moral application of all citizens to promote a spirit of patriotism and a cold the unit of India.
(4) Directive principles of the state policy ( article 36-51): guideline for the central and state government to from policies and laws, these principle not enforceable by any quote but aim to create a social order characterized by social economic and political justice.
(5) Freedom structure with Unitary bias: India is described as a "union of state" with a quasi- federal structure it future of dual policy with a division of power between the centre and state government yet it allow for a strong central government.
(6) Separation of power: the constitutional provide for the separation of the power among the three branches of government the legislature (parliament) the executive (president, prime minister and council of minister) and the judiciary (supreme Court High Court and subordinate Court).
(7) Independence judiciary: the judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, it is empowered to protect the contitution and has the power of tourist review to check the constitutionality laws passed by the legislature.
(8) Amendment procedure (Article 368): the constitution is neither rigid nor flexible it provides for an amendments process that require a special majority in parliament and in some faces ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
(9) Emergency provision (article 352-360): the constitution grand the president power to declared three type of emergency, (1) national emergency (2) state emergency (presidents rule) and (3) financial emergency.
Conclusion: The Constitution of India is a dynamic and foundational document that not only governs the nation but also reflects its democratic ethos, diversity and aspirations.
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